A fire does not require light to burn. Fire suppression is done by removing one of the 3 requirements a fire has. A fire needs Oxygen, Heat and Fuel to burn. Removing any of the 3 will put the fire out. Removing Oxygen is done by replacing the oxygen in the room with something else, or covering the fire so the burning material doesn’t have oxygen access (Halon, FM200, Argon). Removing Heat is done by adding chemicals or water to the fire, cooling it down. Removing Fuel is rarely done since the fuel is our equipment.

PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory) – Can only be written once, normally at the factory.

Risk = Threat x Vulnerability. Impact – Can at times be added to give a more full picture. Risk = Threat x Vulnerability x Impact (How bad is it?). Total Risk = Threat x Vulnerability x Asset Value. Residual Risk = Total Risk – Countermeasures.

Gray (Grey) box (Partial Knowledge) Pen testing: The attacker has limited knowledge, a normal user, vendor or someone with limited environment knowledge.

Packet switching – Cheap, but no capacity guarantee, very widely used today. Data is sent in packets, but take multiple different paths to the destination. The packets are reassembled at the destination.

Water: Removes the “heat” leg of the fire triangle by lowering the temperature. Is the safest suppression agent, but for Data Centers: Water + hardware = dead hardware. Should always be a last resort and electricity could always be cut before water is used.

Tailoring is customizing a standard to your organization. This could be we will apply this standard, but we use a stronger encryption (AES 256bit).

Social engineering uses people skills to bypass security controls. Authority (someone you trust or are afraid of) – Look and sound like an authority figure, be in charge, this can be in a uniform or a suit. Most effective with impersonation, whaling, and vishing attacks.

Patents: Protects inventions for 20 years (normally) – Cryptography algorithms can be patented. Inventions must be:Novel (New idea no one has had before). Useful (It is actually possible to use and it is useful to someone). Nonobvious (Inventive work involved).

The most secure cable is fiber cables, it is slightly more expensive than copper, since we need both we would use fiber cables. Wireless is .. well not a cable.